Leadership in Organizational Settings

Leadership in Organizational SettingsLeadership john be delineate as the king to influence, move, and en competent bleak(prenominal) tribe to contri besidese toward the potency and success of the organizations of which they atomic yield 18 members (McShane, S.l., Von Glinow, 2010). The efficiency stances try to identity the characteristics of useful attr reachs. The leadinghip cogency discombobulate specific personality characteristics, such as confirmatory self- ideal, integrity, vex, and lead penury, knowledge of the business, cognitive and practical intelligence, and lended up intelligence. too that, the behavioural opinion of leading identifies two types of loss leader behaviour, people-oriented and task-oriented (McShane, S.L., Von Glinow, M.A., 2012). The contingency perspective of lead disciplines the view that efficient leader diagnose the situation and alter their zeal to fit the situation. there ar four leaders styles in path-goal put dir ective, supportive, participative, and chance upon work on forcet oriented and several contingencies relating to the characteristics of the employee and of the situation (Bolman Deal, 1991). harmonise to the forefathers, there ar two different contingency lead theories include the situational leadership opening and Fiedlers contingency surmisal. transmutational leaders grow a strategical hatful, communicate that mental prototypery through framing and class commission toward the mess. In this topic, cultural determine too influence the leaders personal values, which is turn influence men or womens leadership practices.1.2 Background of the Company line of descentAsiaIn this assignment, we try to essay the leadership style of AirAsia. AirAsia is an skyway go with in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is focusing on low- beat up with the dream of making gasifying possible for every(prenominal)one. Tony Fernandes, the CEO of the AirAsia, who is the makeer of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd. He is the one who introduced the budget no-frills(prenominal)(prenominal) airline. directly AirAsia is the largest low cost airline in Asia. AirAsia group operates scheduled internal and international flights to over 400 destinations spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is the Low damage Carrier Terminal (LCCT) which is located at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). The raft of AirAsia is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia and religious service tether billion people who argon soon underserved with poor connectivity and high-pitched f ars. There ar four mission of AirAsia to be the opera hat company to work for whereby employees ar treated as part of a big family to build a glob eithery recognised ASEAN brand to contact the lowest cost so that everyone give up fly sheet with AirAsia and sustain the highest quality product, enchanting use science to reduce the cost (Company Profile of AirAsia Berhad, 2013)2.0 CONTENT2.1 Competency perspective o f leadershipCompetencies encompass a broad range of personal characteristics, including knowledge, accomplishments, abilities, and values. Personal characteristics authoritatively influence leadership emergence the perception that soulfulness is a leader in a leadership situation. (Steven L. McShane, bloody shame Ann Von Glinow, 2010). Leadership competencies canful be grouped into seven categories such asEmotional intelligenceThe essential attri merelye of effective leaders. The leaders tycoon to monitor his or her induce and others emotions, discriminate among them, and use the information to guide his or her thoughts and actions. lawIntegrity refers to the leaders truthfulness and tendency to translate words into deeds. This characteristic is sometimes countered authentic leadership because the individual acts with sincerity.DriveDrive represents the inner motivating that leaders posses to pursue their goals and encourage others to move frontward with theirs. Drive insp ires inquisitiveness, an action orientation, and boldness to shit the company into uncharted waters.Leadership motivationThe leaders privation for socialized power to accomplish group or organisational goals. Effective leaders try to gain power so they can influence others to accomplish goals that benefit the team or organization.Self- confidenceThe leaders belief in his or her own leadership clevernesss and ability to contact objectives. Effective leaders be typically extroverted such as outgoing, soci commensurate, talkative, and assertive, but they in any case remain humble. discussionThe leaders above-average cognitive ability to process enormous amounts of information. Leaders defend superior ability to examine a manikin of complex alternatives and opportunities.Knowledge of the businessThe leaders inexplicit and explicit knowledge about the companys purlieu, enabling him or her to make to a great extent intuitive decisions.2.2 Transformational leadershipTransformat ional leadership is about leading changing the organizations strategies and ending so that they have a rectify fit with the surrounding surround. Transformation leaders are interpolate agents who energize and direct employees to new rig of corporate values and behaviors. They cause, communicate, and model a shared mess for the team or organization, and they inspire followers to strive for that great deal. Next, Transformational leadership is particularly ingrained in organizations that require significant alignment with the external environment.There are several elements of transformational leadership spend a penny a strategic visionIt refers transformational leaders establish a vision of the companys future state that engages employees to pass on objectives they didnt work out possible. Strategic vision creates a higher purpose or master goal that energizes and unifies employees. A strategic vision might originate with leader, but it is just as apt(predicate) to emerge from employees, clients, suppliers, or other stakeholders. act as the visionIt refers transformational leaders communicate meaning and elevate the importance of the visionary goal to employees. They frame messages around a grand purpose with activated appeal that captivates employees and other corporate stakeholders. Framing assists transformational leaders establish a common mental model so that the group or bring their visions to life through symbols, metaphors, stories, and other vehicles that transcend plain language. Metaphors borrow images of other experiences, thereby creating richer meaning of the vision that has non yet been experienced. precedent the visionModeling the vision is as well as all-important(prenominal) because it builds employee trust in the leader. The greater the consistency amongst the leaders words and actions, the more employees exit desire in and be ordain to follow the leader.Build commitment toward the visionBuild commitment toward the visio n which is transforming a vision into reality requires employee commitment. Transformational leaders words, symbols, and stories build a contagious enthusiasm that energizes people to adopt the vision as their own. Leaders demonstrate a can do locating by enacting their vision and staying on course. Their persistence and consistency reflect an image of honesty, trust, and integrity. Lastly, leaders build commitment by involving employees in the process of formative the organizations vision.ApplicationCompetency Perspective of Leadership1. Leadership motivationToni Fernandes was a leadership motivation leader. He was very accessible to the media was entirely committed to his business. He tries to gain power and influence others to accomplish goals that benefit the team or organization. For lawsuit, he wore AirAsias official T-shirt and office red tap cap to almost every official function and sometimes he go away serve the customers on the course of studye together with employe es. (Tony Fernandes, 2012) He had do this action because he wanted to inspire his employees move toward together to light upon the goals. Besides that, Tony Fernandes was an outgoing, sociable and talkative person. He gave his phone account to all the media representatives, and was himself advertisement for his company. Although he was a Group Chief Executive military incumbent of AirAsia, but he also remain humble in lie of others. Because of his personal characteristic and attitude, he was able to discover their companys objectives and goals. He had became a good example for his employees, so that employees willing to follow him to accomplish the goals.2. IntelligenceTony Fernandes was an intelligence leader. He had superior ability to analyze a variety of opportunities and alternatives. He had a good vision of the future because he was use the markets opportunities well. AirAsias vision is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who ar e currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. (AirAsia Corparate Profile, 2012) Although the context was non very beneficial to enter the market, but Tony Fernandas chose to take the risk. He look atd that he and his draw offment team were able to analyze and consider the opportunities and alternatives with their intelligence. For example, Tony Fernandes had used his intelligence and finally transformed AirAsia from a heavily-indebted subsidiary into an perseverance player. Besides that, Tony Fernandes had started a hotel chain, Tune Hotels which is based on the no-frills c one timept by using his intelligence. He had involved in different persistence in the marketplace.3. Knowledge of the businessTony Fernandes had the knowledge about the business and companys environment which can enable him to make more intuitive decisions. For example, Tony Fernandes was the starting time person who entered the market segment of low costs and no frills. He did not take ri sks only by taking over AirAsia, but also in its drastic changes. Since the creation, he continually brought a lot of modernistic concepts, such as, booking services for hostels, travel insurance, online booking and check-in, car rental, vacation products, credit card or medical care. He also deeply changed the business model of the airline company which is choosing a low-cost and no-frills strategy and moved down the value chain. Throughout the changes that had made by Tony Fernandes, we believe that Tony Fernandes had enough knowledge about the business. With this knowledge, he was able to achieve companys objectives and goals.4. DriveTony Fernandes was a leader who motivates and carrys his employees (Allstars) to pursue their goals and encourage them to move forward with him. In AirAsia, Tony Fernandes had tried to introduce something in the guidance philosophy, where he wants people to pursue their dreams, pursue their passion. For example, Tony Fernandess childhood dreams in cluded running an airline, owning an English football community and an owning Formula maven racing team. (Tony Fernandes, 2012) Thus, Tony Fernandes decided to achieve and foregather his dream by buying an existing airline and started to transform it into an industry player. At the same time, Tony Fernandes also encourage his employees (Allstars) to pursue their passion and drive them to move toward the goals. He had created an environment where people can learn, grow and do what turns them on. Because of this, employees were being motivated by Tony Fernandes and they started to pursue their goals together with Tony Fernandes.Transformational leadership1. Create a strategic visionTony Fermandes is a chief executive officer or director AirAsia Berhad and he is transformational leader because the business model of the airasia are changed by him which is Now everyone can fly a low-cost and no-frills strategy and moved down the value chain. It also has successful fleetly broken tr avel norms around the globe and has risen to require the best of the world. Tony Fermandes mortgaged his home and sank his savings to invest Airasia Company (Alesia Sion, 2012).Tony Fermandes have articulate strategic vision of the company to which is Airasia be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. As we know that, nowadays many carpenters plane companies come out different strategies to make their company soften than competitors so he has create a good vision for doing their business once he takeover the company. Form the year 2004, Airasia had achieved the low-cost airline awards is the low cost airline in the world. It based that he successful to accomplish his company vision.2. Communicate the visionNext, Tony Fermandes work hard to create an environment where employees can learn, grow and do what they should do in company. He also encourages employees to pursue their passi ons love their jobs at AirAsia based on their environment. Besides that, the fine quoted part every month he spends a day as a baggage-handler every two months, a day as a cabin crew every three months, a day as a check-in clerk (Shashank Nigam, 2009) to describe he always change jobs to get experience with different department. He also established a culture department to pass the message and hold parties. The workplace are different the traditional hierarchal Asian population which open plan workplace so that all employees can meet him by anytime.3. Model the visionHe also modeled the vision of the company which is to prove that he not only talks also enacts it to let everyone fly by providing low-cost airfares. Furthermore, the CEO Airasia Tony fernandes personal credo is dream the impossible, believe the unbelievable, and never take no for an answer. There was a real example which is started AirAsia Thailand, Tony was asked by a women about she wanna be a pilot, then tony replie d that if she curb he will hire her as a pilot. Lastly, she did and became a first officer and subsequently now she is a full-time captain and libertine in the plane (Chris Forrest Harvey, 2012). This record that he let everyone can fly and also let everyone have the opportunity to become his workers help them to achieve their own dreams.4. Build commitment toward the visionLastly, Tony fernandes build commitment toward vision which transforms the vision in reality. He desire to start low-cost airline company then he has create the good vision of the company to let everyone can fly in reality. Therefore, AirAsia keep promote promotion package with low hurts for customers to have sex low prices fly to different places. AirAsia fares are significantly lower than those other airline service furnishrs, websites fares also cheaper than frontline paying back price and having free seats promotion to give the customers opportunity to enjoy and also for those who cannot afford the pr ices. It is to accomplish the vision everyone can fly in reality. Besides that, He break down hierarchy to encourage employees to discourse out and breaking down walls for example he sit with his employees in an open floor plan and also let his contact number to his employees so they can just call, e-mail and SMS him directly and solve it quickly which do not need go through any department. take down the lowest ranking officers also can have his phone number to contact him directly which means he treats everyone as equal and willing to commit to their necessitate (Shashank Nigam, 2009).DisadvantagesOne main issue in related to with Air Asia in leadership in organizational settings in which the ability perspective of Tony Fernandes may have several limitations. The leadership that Tony Fernandes slang might assume that the same personal characteristics are evenly important in all situations. This may be false surmisal as this perspective is too complex to have universal jo ust of traits to apply to every conditions. Other than Air Asia, Tony Fernandes is the chairman for the Queens Park Rangers Football Club. Tony Fernandes keeps hold up the football club with his own competency perspective that QPR football club that the club can overcome their conflict. This shows that Tony Fernandes had used the same personal characteristics equally in all situations whether in Air Asia or the QPR football club.The warrant limitations would be that the leadership Tony Fernandes has might influence only peoples perception that someone is leader, not whether Tony Fernandes makes a difference to the organizations success. This perspective only shows Tony Fernandess leadership potential instead of leadership mathematical process. Therefore, it doesnt shows that the effectiveness of Tony Fernandess leadership compares to other perspective of leadership. One issue we can see that in the Air Asia wordpress showed that Tony Fernandes had cheated on the price of the sha res of Air Asia. But then it was found out by the Australians effective enforcement that Melboure Federal Court imposed a huge fine of Aussie dollars 300,00 on Air Asia and Air Asia X for this misleading website information cheating its customers concealment charges of taxes. Why does this issue happen? It is simply because the dropping by the savage customers whore also the shareholders that would not trust anymore on Tony Fernandez and Air Asia over their scamming businesses deals and unfair deals to the customers.As for transformational leadership applies by Tony Fernandes, it can be only mention in general that leaders that are transformational when they successfully bring out the change, rather than when they engage in certain behaviors we call transformational. Therefore without the success done by Tony Fernandes towards the vision of Air Asia, Tony Fernandes would not be entitled of this perspective leadership.3.0 RECOMMENDATIONCompetency perspective of leadershipA company can achieve success if the leader can execute that the competencies that is difficult for others to replicate. In this competency perspective of leadership, Tony should organize a team to identify new directions or actions for the whole management. Besides that, he should often organize a meeting of the employee to discuss and clarify what they will need to do differently as a result of changes in the company. Problem solving or decision making process with the management team will be another alternative for Tony to have a better competency perspective of leadership.Emotional intelligence is an important skill that a leader necessary to influence his/her employee to perform well in their job. Therefore, Tony should have a good management for his emotional to prevent a conflict with his employee or having a wrong perspective decision payable when his emotional level is low. Good leaders know their strengths and limitations, so they able to control their emotions and behaviors. Thus , Tony postulate to strive for his personal development by gentle in continuous learning. Based on the learning, Tony should be able to adapt to stressful situations and be able to maintain a balance between his work and non-work lives.Lastly, Tony should have a leadership to maximize the potential of others and motivate them to attain shared goals. He mustiness be able to manage individual and group performance with an understanding of group dynamics and team building. Tony needs to provide the drive for his employees to make them have better work performances. He should be understanding and be empathic toward individuals emotions and be able to resolve conflicts in a take to beful manner. One of the ways to motivate the employee is to create a slogan of company to improve mutual blood between company and employees. Besides that, Tony should play as a manipulation model with competency attributes for his employees, and that will create a drive to make them set Tony Fernandes as a target to surpass.Transformational leadershipTransformational leaders have the capability to successfully achieve the objective because of four attributes which including charisma, the ability to provide inspirational motivation, the ability to sustain intellectually, and the ability to offer individualized consideration. correspond to Barnerji and Krishnan (as citied in Kasturi, 2012) a good transformational leader must possess the ability of articulating a convincing and realistic vision and focus others towards a new critical path. In certain circumstances, a company may need to be redesigned to support the whole transformational leadership.As we know, create a strategic vision is a fundamental element of a transformational leader to become successful. Tony Fernandes need to create and communicate his vision thus stimulate discussions with his subordinates. For example, he may run brainstorming meetings with the subordinates to present new organizational models. With this, the employees will be more understand on the company objectives and to have better job performances. Charisma is another important component to which a leader to behaves in commendable ways that cause employees to identify with the leader. Tony also needs to be a use model for their followers with having a uncontaminating set of values and demonstrating them in every decision. The leader and followers must build a mutual trust between each other on a solid moral and ethical foundation (Covey, 2007).Besides that, the leader must create an inspirational motivation for the employees as the motivation is appealing and inspiring to employees. For example, Tony Fernandes can communicate optimism about future goals with his employees to provide a motivation for them to perform better in the work field. It is important that this visionary aspect of leadership be supported by conference skills that allow the leader to articulate his vision with precision and power in a convincing and per suasive way. Therefore, a good communication skill is required to complete this element of being a transformational leader.Furthermore, Tony should acts as a mentor or instructor to the employee and listens to their apprehensions and needs. Tony can encompass the need to respect and celebrate with the employees for their individual contribution for the company. Tony can reward to those contributed employees for their good performance in job, this can motivate the employee to have a better commitment on their job. This way not only educates the next generation of leaders, but also fulfills the individuals need for self-actualization, self-fulfillment, and self-worth. It also naturally propels followers to further transaction and growth.According to Burns (as citied in Arachchi, 2012), it show that transformational leader as reflecting the traits and behaviors are required for initiating change. These leaders need to identify themselves as change agents and take responsibility for tr ansformation. Generally, they are risk takers and courageous, believe in and trust people, have a clear values in motivation. In other words, Tony needs to deal with complexity, ambiguity and unbelief and share his vision with the employees. To fulfill this element, Tony should show his confidence of taking risk in doing business and prove to his employees that he has the ability to do so. With that, the employees will be influenced by his leadership and help the company to achieve the goal.Recommendations Other Relevant TheoryOther than competency and transformational perspective leadership, there is another theory that can be applied by Tony Fernandes to solve the problem which is implicit leadership perspective. The competency and transformational leadership perspectives make the basic assumption that leaders make a difference. However, leadership also involves followers perception about the characteristics and behaviors of a leader. This perceptual perspective of leadership is collectively called implicit leadership theory (Steven L. McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010).According to the implicit leadership theory, everyone has leadership prototypes which they use to evaluate the leaders effectiveness. Employees are more willing to allow someone to influence them as a leader if that person looks and acts like their prototype of a leader. Tony Fernandes should possess a good leadership prototype as he is the CEO of Airasia. These prototypes can be developed through socialization within the family and society, shape employees expectations and betrothal of others as leader, and this in turn affects employees willingness to serve as followers. Such leadership prototypes not only support Tony Fernandess role as a leader, they also form employees perception of the leaders effectiveness. If Tony Fernandes acts consistently with employees prototypes, they are more likely to believe that he is an effective leader.Besides that, as mentioned earlier, the leadership that Tony Fernandes applied might assume that the same personal characteristics are equally important in all situations, but this may be false assumption as this perspective is too complex to have universal list of traits to apply to every conditions. Therefore, the contingency perspective of leadership plays an important role to help Tony Fernandes to solve the problem. The contingency perspective of leadership is based on the idea that most appropriate leadership style depends on the situation. It assumes that effective leaders must be both insightful and flexible (Steven L. McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). Tony Fernandes should put efforts to choose and enact different styles to match the uncertainty situation. tho he must have high emotional intelligence so that he can diagnose the circumstances and match his behaviors accordingly.4.0 CONCLUSIONThe analyse prove that there are two leadership theories have been implementing in the company, AirAsia competency perspective of leadership and transformational leadership. There are seven dimensions has been found in competency perspective of leadership such as emotional intelligence, integrity, drive, leadership motivation, self-confidence, intelligence and knowledge of the business. However, Tony Fernandes only apply leadership motivation, intelligence, drive and knowledge of business in his business. Emotional intelligence and drive are recommended implement to the business to prevent the conflict with the employees and to increase the team performance. For the transformational leadership, it emphasizes to create a strategic vision, communicate the vision, modeling and build commitment toward the vision. In this case, Tony Fernandes has successfully applied all the four dimensions of the transformational leadership in the business.In the recommendation part, the need to create and communicate vision thus stimulate discussion with subordinates is a must to Tony Fernandes. He also need to create an inspirat ional motivation for the employees and communicate with employees will help them perform better in their work field. Hence, a good communication skill is required to being a transformational leader. Besides that, Tony needs to deal with complexity, ambiguity and uncertainty and also share his vision with the employees to influence them perform well to achieve the goal. There are some points can be identified and apply to other relevant theory, for example, implicit leadership theory. Implicit leadership theory emphasize the importance of involves followers perception about the characteristics and behaviors of the leader. And this point not mentioned in the competency and transformational leadership theories.