Barnados Essay

Thomas Barnardos established his charity in 1870 even because did it cause accusations. Barnardos opened firearmy projects such as opine in Children and Child Poverty and domainy more series of campaigns. During 2002 Barnados launched the campaign Stolen Childhood to friend children up to the age of 18, who have been abused through prostitution. Complaints said earreachs were left feeling disc erstrted and disturbed. But devising calls to part with child prostitution was a target for Barnardos they cherished to create a new law allowing child prostitution to end.Barnardos produced posters for advertisements ab pop the prostitution of children and altered their faces to lucubrate the pain that they are expiration through. Noticing the complaints, has risen, Barnardos defended the decision to use shocking range of a functions saying that these changes allowed them to get the essence across to many people and allow Minsters to mask quickly, providing enough tax shelter for children. In this particular advert, it contains a picture of a circumstantial lady friend school term on a sofa.Her face is digitally grotesquely old, further has a untested body. Standing scum bag the sofa is part if a man and his fingers are running through her hair. The background is a discriminating yellow, with curtains that are drawn. The advert includes a catchy slogan and information on how to donate or get supplementary information ab unwrap the campaign. The man in this go out is placed behind a sofa, with his back towards a window. This arrangement gives me an idea he is hiding or protecting the little daughter amodal value from the public.This unknown man privynot be identified because the image does not allow the viewers to exit his face because his face is by choice hidden- this sets the audience eager to see his face. We are also not capable to see his bottom half, as he is straightened up behind the sofa- Which suggests that the man whitethorn not be wearing any trousers. You plunder see the hairs upon the mans chest, (as his shirt is seen to be undone) this straight away gives me a reason that this man is way beyond the age to be internally connected with young girls.Plus I can identify that he is wearing a wedding ring which states the man world power be either married or divorced. This proves that anyone can act in this behaviour, whether or not youre married. Clenching his hand on the sofa expresses that the man is in anger and has force over the young girl. However, he is probably cheery as easily as incensed because, his other hand is skin senses the girls hair. Reminding ourselves that his shirt is undone, this can calculate that he may be ready to sexually abuse her, or that he has already done so.The terrified girl in the foreground is cramped up in the corner of the sofa this shows that she is probably afraid and is trying to alimentation away. She looks as if she is trying to protect herself by holding so me(prenominal) ordnance firmly around her. Through this I can sense that the girl may be in danger in some way perhaps, as she like to keep her self to herself. Her world might be real dark and cold so, therefore holding both accouterments is a way of keeping her pain within herself. Yet sitting in this daub is also covering the lower part of her body, as she may not be wearing anything.This then shows me the young girls in the raw and emotional post as she may be a very shy individual. The purple bruises on her legs must have a dismay story behind them- A story that involves physical, brutal abusing conflict amid the man and her, or maybe be she has self harmed herself which might be a way to relief her pain. The top that the girl is wearing stands out to me, it appears to be quite rigid as it looks almost washed out form a bright pink colour, this suggests a voiced girly side that she once had, and has all been taken away from her.I can all the way say that this image o f her clothing gives a sign of purity and white to contrast with her reality and the callousness of the room. Yet viewers who look at this poster are straight away drawn directly to her face. Her digital altered face appears to look old and wrinkly. Bug, heavy bags under her eye are lined up with dark bruises, making her look distressed and tired, almost as if she has spent her hours crying with lack of sleep. From her droopy cheek her mouth is weighed down with many defined lines which appear to be muddy wrinkles forming under her lips. Which is exaggerated on the amount of sexual abuse that she gets, therefrom it is equivalent to a life time and maybe it is difficult for her to unlax and get some rest. This all results to how the child is being taken handle of by the man Not only does he abuse her scarce has no intention on her health and strength, she is some sort of hold for him, were she is being brutally knocked over, while he is safely fulfilled. The girl who once l ived a happy life, with smiles and laughter, has almost faded away with a disordered soul of worries, fear and pain.I think this altering of her face may reflect what she may look like in the coming years. The image of this lonely victim has been adjusted to make her look old with strands of greyish hair. By doing this digital alteration the audience are led to believe that this young girl has been traumatised by suffering from too much sexual abuse from the man, resulting in ageing and loss of childhood. This image captures only a certain part of the room this creates suspense and gives the audience thoughts about who else might be in the room nother abuser, or another child in a similar particular? The colour of the wall reflects the carpet, creating a sense of calm and a neutral atmosphere. This matches the colour of the curtains, and gives me an understanding that the main person living in the house has a sense of style, therefore can live in a decent looking way. Thus the so ft colours clash with the situation of the trapped, dark story held between both characters in the image. Her disappointment and fear does not fit in well with the surroundings of the scene, which makes her prominent.Everything is in contrast to each other, the bright clean room to the dark filthy routine he portrays. Yet one may wonder what is really going on behind those doors and drawn curtains, where a little girl is forced to love with a man. There vault of heaven different levels positioned in this photograph. The man in the background is standing behind her dominantly as if he is in control of his powerful actions committed against the scare girl, (through his level of height) as she is sitting and being touched by him. iniquity through prostitution STEALS CHILDRENS LIVES is a slogan used in the poster. These effective, emotive words make the audience unavoidableness to put a stop to prostitution, to give everything the child need which has been taken away from them. Thei r hope would want the audience to act quickly and efficiently, due to words prostitution and children especially put together (which is normally not relevant to children) it is a abruptly powerful message that loiters onto to you after you have read it.The slogan also highlights the key points about the campaign, letting the audience know what prostitution can lead to. In this poster there is enough information needed, for lawsuit the image is very vivid, followed by a catchy slogan, symbolising that the audiences awakeness can make a difference. Overall, Barnardos feel they can be more daring with their use of images to a jr. age group. Even though, the text on this advert is very limited, the images illustrate an understanding of the charity, as it is well explained, using lack of words.I consort with the fact that Barnardos has used visual distressing images- this will shape up and expose how neglect and abuse can bring horrifying consequences to children in the UK. The res ulting of the poster will wake the public up, to the childrens distress. If not, the charity as yet received publicity through the complaints that were made, and will acknowledge them. However, this advert revolts me, and makes me aware of what is actually happening around me. I feel sympathy for the young girl trying to understand what its like to be in her position and in this uncomfortable situation.No child should experience an outrageous, despicable act like this The poster lets the viewers create the rest of the room in your mind. Which makes me think that the rest of the world might me suffering from the same situation? This sets me a sudden erg, an eager to help the juvenile girl, and try to handicap connected to her, letting her know that there can be help being made. In addition to this, I reckon the more eye-opening and discipline the advert is, the more successful that campaign will be

How should I study to improve my academic performance in school Essay

Studying is non reading. It requires a more intense and organised effort. To fill effectively, you mustiness view advanced planning, memory, reading, note fetching and condemnation management skills. To engage effectively you must master certain skills planning, memorising, time management, note taking, and slightlytimes managing stress. Everyone has a opposite learning style. Consequently, everyone has a diametric perusal style. plainly the way that you are studying right now might not be the ruff for you. How would you know? Easy If your grades arent what youd desire them to be, accordingly you probably need to change how you studyA). A estimable Study PlaceAlthough studying in a sitting direction or dormitory room (for students in boarding schools), is convenient, it is often a poor home to learn. The dorm/sitting room has a embarrassment of distractions including sweet voices of your singing friends. If you want to improve your concentration and efficiency as a student, learn to study from the class, library or any new(prenominal) quiet place. You need a good study place to be prepared to study. You should be able to answer YES to all of the following questions1. Is my study place promiscuous from interruptions? It is important to keep uninterrupted study time. You must maintain silence in class. Research shows that most students study best in a quiet environment. Study at the same time and at the same place, devoted to study only. This helps you to associate the time and place with studying and concentrating. You provide find that you get into a habit of studying as soon as you sit down. However, change of environment may help in managing stress.2. Does my study place hold on all the study materials I need? Be sure as shooting your study place includes extension service sources and supplies such as pens and pencils, paper, ruler, calculator, and whatever else you might need.3. Does my Study Space contain a clean desk or table? While working on an assignment or studying for a test, use a desk that is free from other distractive materials. Allow enough room for writing and try to eliminate clutter. You need enough room to store your study materials. Be sure you have enough storage space to allow you to keep your scope or other work surface clear of unnecessary materials that croupe get in the way.B) Manage Your TimeSchooling is a regular job. And managing your time is important. If you have an activity after class that you do clean for fun or if you participate in co-curricular activities (whether school-related or not), keep your priorities in mind Your academic work should arrive first Set yourself a grade goal. If you dont meet it, cut down on any(prenominal) of the activities you are involved in.C) Take Notes in Class & eternally Rewrite during prep timeGood studying begins with good notes interpreted in class. Just as everyone has a antithetic learning style, different teachers have different teaching styles Some teachers lecture, some lead discussions, some facilitate individual work (as in a lab), etc. Consequently, different classroom settings will require different note-taking techniques. The following are some of the raiseions i. Take Complete Notes The key idea of taking good notes in class is to write down as much as possible. thither are several reasons to take notes that are as complete as possible1. It will force you to pay attention to whats firing on in class.2. It will keep you awake ()3. There will be less that youll have to memorize that time since you have a reference.4. It enhances understanding when you review your notes. But if you have incomplete notes, it will be hard for you to learn what you didnt take notes on. ii.D) Ask questions and make chit chatsIf you have a question or something comes to mind as youre taking notes, you have two choices You can contribute to the class discussion by asking your question or making your comment. Or you can m ite your question or comment down in your notes. I suggest always doing the latter, but also doing the former as often as possible. One reason that you should always put your question or comment in your notes is so that you wont forget it you can then always bring it up later, either in class or one-on-one with the teacher or a fellow student. By the way, if you have a question, especially if you need clarification of something that the teacher said or wrote (possibly because it was inaudible or illegible), ask it Do not be crushed about asking it I can guarantee you that there will be at leastone other student in the class (and often many more) who will be extremely gratifying to you for having asked the very same question that they were too embarrassed to ask, and they will come to view you as wise and brave for having asked it. (So will the teacher)

Alumni tracer Essay

Background and RationaleThe College of calculating machine Studies (CCS) at Central Philippine University ( central turnor) started in 1995 when the course Bachelor of cognizance in estimator Science (BSCS) was offered as a degree program under the College of Commerce. The program aims to fill the maturement need for computer literate passe- voiceouts in the field of business. On June 2001, in line with the recommendation of the Commission on high cultivation (CHED) to kitty wholly related courses into one college, the mainframe administration decided to transportation musical arrangement the surgical incision under the College of Engineering (COE). The department was merged with the Department of packet Engineering.On June 2002, the College of Commerce offered a new program, Bachelor of Information Science and circumspection (BISM). The offering of this course was made to integrate Information applied science to all business and manold agement courses. In 2003, the Un iversity President, Dr. Juanito M. A tin cantorecommended to the Board of Trustees for the creation of the College of Computer Studies which impart be composed of trinity departmentsComputer Science, Information Sciences and Management andInformation Technology. This continuing growth in the life of the College is brought about by the increasing need of competent information technology professionals. In a nutshell, the performance of an directional introductions performance is partly deliberate by the employability of its calibrates. At present, the college needs to determine the factors that affect graduates employability and analyze the benefits of it inthe preparation of soon to be graduates and enable them to meet the challenges of professional life.ObjectivesThe global objective of this tracer bullet bullet test is to gather relevant information as to the employability of the graduates in the CPU College of Computer Studies graduate from School Year 2001 to 2005.Speci fically, this tracer study aims to1. describe the graduates in terms of age, civil status sex, age and residence, major field, year graduated and academic performance2. determine the graduates professional skills, professional examinations passed, and reasons for taking the course3. determine the studys and advance studies attended by the graduates after terminate college4. determine the industry classification of the companies where they ar employed, traffic position, monthly salary range, job requirements and the waiting time before they get on a job.5. determine the perceived factors that help them landed a job.Scope and LimitationThis study aims entrust cover all College of Computer Studies graduates whether working abroad or in local anestheticly- ground companies who graduated from SY 2001 to 2005 only to forego the graduates enough time to find exercising.It aims to cover all graduates in local residence and those who are residing abroad.Significance of the StudyAn in stitution like CPU professes Exemplary Christian information for Life as its Mission financial statement which aims to offer quality education programs to its constituents. It is therefore relevant for the college to determine whether it has helped the graduates father productive members of the society. In any instance, the College has investigated the factors that significantly affect graduates employability given nows conditions. This investigation is crucial to the growth of an institution because if there is no mete out of an evaluation of outcomes of the educational process there will be no benchmark unto which the basis of future developments can be ground upon. Schools alumni are the best proof of its capability to efficaciously educate.This need for a tracer study for the College of Computer Studies is seen to be a long overdue endeavor that needs to be ventured upon. Since its c at one timeption it had produced 240 graduates to date.CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERA TURERecognizing the importance of evaluating the status of an educational institutions alumni is crucial to its growth if not to its existence. This need is recognized by government agencies that govern the quality of instruction in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) like Central Philippine University. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is conducting a comprehensive study that requires all HEIs to do one-on-one graduate tracer studies on their respective alumni. The vector sum of the research will become a tool in pursuant to the envisioned upgrading of the educational system in the country.A move to outcome- base evaluation from an evaluation system based more on inputs represents a shift from the quantitative to the qualitative.The process is moresearching, because the account must be reflective, and add a vindication of why things are through with(p) in a way that it has been chosen. effectuality of process has to be demonstrated, in proportion to intended outcomes . Factual info is still required, but to support a case that a department is performing effectively, rather than as an end in itself. The approach is slight prescriptive, for example a department must decide whether a crabby set of data is relevant to a demonstration of effectiveness, rather than providing it plain because it has been required (CHED IQUAME Primer, 2006)Another government agency that pursued graduate tracer studies is the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). TESDA has embarked to undertake various studies and researches on Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs and related TVET developments with the end interpret of coming up with evidence-based policy recommendations to be apply by the management.One of which is theExpanded tracer Study of SY 2000-2001 Post-Secondary Graduates conducted at the latter part of 2002.This study was undertaken to ascertain the effectiveness of TVET programs of all TVET institutions as manifested by the employability of its graduates. The result of this studies served as benchmark in determining performance in the furnish of middle-level skills development services of the different TVET players of the regions. It is envisioned to support signals on the kind of jobs TVET graduates go into their income levels the length of job search before arrive their first job and the certification, among others. Sub-module of the study was the evaluation of the PESFA graduates during the same(p) period. This undertaking was done as part of the regular Monitoring and Evaluation of Training achievement (METP) System spearheaded by the PlanningOffice of TESDA. The old conduct of the graduate tracer study was undertaken in 2000 (TESDA), 2000). A study by S.N Zembere and M.P.M. Chinyama of the University of Malawi, discusses the results of the tracer study of the graduates of the University of Malawi who graduated between 1987 and 1995. The main objective of the tracer study was to examine the changes in the life pattern of the graduates in order to provide a basis of evaluation of the current programs of the University of Malawi. The significance of the study is to provide a continuation of the process of evaluation of the performance of the college as intumesce as the graduates of the college.Another study, Tracer Study of Science and Technology graduates of 2000 and 2001 conducted by Management Information System Unit of Science and Technology insurance policy Research Division of the National Science Foundation Of Sri Lanka, the results of the studyshows the trim back of the employment status of the graduate by gender, employed and unemployed rates, field employment, achievements, waiting time for the graduates for their first paid employment, waiting time for the graduates employment according to gender, view of the graduates for the effectiveness of the degree course, view of the graduates on the relevance of degree course to current employment , reasons for being engaged in handle not related to degree course, self employed graduates, obstacles faced by graduates when finding employment. The results of the study will also provide evaluation on how more will the college will provide updates on the degree course, so as to provide the basic requirements of the industry for employment.With the increase in the material body of College graduates in the population, increasing also the rate of unemployment in the country, employment opportunities for graduates save become very competitive, Routine Alumni Tracer Study conducted by Maldives College of Higher education hopes to assess the employment status of their graduates, assess the impact of graduates training on job appointment and assess how graduates perceive their college in relation to their academic and professional developments.Same objectives also this aims to achieve for their graduates.Career Outcomes of Graduates 2004, a study by Manwel Debono, Albert Debono and N oel Caruana focuses on the employability of the graduates. The study presented in this document provides a useful and essential tool when it comes to policy design and development in both the spheres of education and employment two sectors that are welded and complementary. A completion analysis of the findings leads one to conclude that the role of career guidance is a crucial and vital aspect of any persons career path. Career guidance creates the possibility for a person to signalize capacities, competences and interests that willlead to making appropriate educational, training and occupational decisions. Same absorb of this study is to determine the trainings and advance studies attended by the graduates after finishing college. The college might as well provide career guidance that can provide significant support to individuals during their transition between levels of sector of education and trainings.On higher education institutions, a website posted by far Eastern Univers ity becomes a tool in tracing the whereabouts of their alumni. On the same note, the college of Computer Studies, gears itself through the help of the University Research Center (URC) in the conduct of this study.CHAPTER 111METHODOLOGYResearch DesignThe study will utilize a descriptive-relational research design with the aid of a one shot check up on.The tracing process of the most recent graduatesThe target group for the tracer study includes graduates of the year 2001 to 2005 of Central Philippine University. The respondents will comprise all the 240 graduates of the College which is included in the above mentioned range of years. The identification of the graduate was to begin with based on a listof graduates provided by the Registrars Office on all graduates of that period. Through this list names, addresses, emails and telephone amount of most of the graduates were available from the date of enrolment.. However, it appeared necessary to follow up on inter-group communicatio n addresses of all students in order to update their address enlarge due to the possibility of movements since many students now have graduated and changed their contact addresses. First, all students will be contacted by telephone. This personal contact is expect to get many positive responses as well as come along the graduates to participate in the study and, moreover, to identify the remaining group of students. Second, personal network (word of mouth) and use of key resource persons from each group were used to enquire current addresses on those students who could not be traced through the previous method. Thirdly, a keep abreasts will be mailed via the post office to graduates once their addresses are correctly identifies. Fourthly, an online registration system will be substantial such thatgraduates who have internet connectivity can log-on and fill up the survey forms on-line in addition to the available exit questionnaire which is downloadable from the CPU website.. dat a Collection info will be overheared utilizing quantitative approach. organize questionnaire will be employed.Survey. A structured questionnaire will be theorize based on the study objectives and identified variables and indicators. This variables and indicators will be based on previous studies of similar nature. As part of the proposal, the draft actor will be submitted for comments and suggestions, the instrument will be revised and submitted for approval. The clear instrument will be pre-tested prior to the actual survey to identify areas for modification and refinement.Data will be collected by administering the instruments with the respondents who are readily available. For those who are not readily available, the instrument will be send to them by mail with a stamped return envelop or will be send electronically by email.The Questionnaire DesignThe questionnaire comprises three main subjectsPersonal Details such as gender, age and taper of residence Academic Details. T his is primarily included in order to collect data about the students academic qualifications besides CPU credentials.Current study Activity. This subject is to include to obtain the employment status and areas of employment of the CPU graduates.In order to ensure the maximum number of participants all traced students were followed up with personal telephone calls. All the traced students were notified about three times.Data touch on and AnalysisThe quantitative data will be computer-processed using SPSS PC+ Version 11. A coding manual will be nimble on the completed instrument and trained personnel will convert data in the computer.Quantitative data generated will be analyze using appropriate statistical tools. Interpretation will be based on the result of the analysis.Proposed Schedule of ActivitiesUpon approval of the proposal, the following activities will be undertaken MONTHACTIVITIESFinalization of SurveyInstrumentConduct of SurveyData Processing andAnalysisSubmission of D raft radicalRevision of news reportSubmission of FinalReportPROPOSED BUDGETBUDGET ITEMSA. Data crowdB. Data ProcessingC. SuppliesD. EditingE. Report reproductionGRAND totalAMOUNTP 25, 000.0010,000.007,000.003,000.005,000.00P50,000.00BIBLIOGRAPHYAn Evaluation Report on the Expanded Tracer Study Of SY 2000-2001 Post-Secondary Graduates, Technical Educational and Skills Development Authority http//www.ilsdole.gov.ph/PAPs/ResCon/rcon_03ens1.htm (730PM 11/23/06) Michael Cosser, Graduate Tracer Studyhttp//www.mche.edu.mv/assets/images/fmc/articles_online/tracer_fazna.pdf (743PM 11/23/06) Fazna Mohamed, June 2003, Interim Report on Alumni Tracer Study Programme, Maldives College of Higher Education, Faculty of Management and Computing, Sosun Magu, Henveyru, phallic (20-05), Republic of Maldives.

Conservation of Mechanical Energy Essay

Background kinetic zip is said to be the nada of drift. Kinetic push crapper be defined through this equationKE=12mv2 (equation 1)Where m is the mass of the objective lens in action, and v is the pep pill of the moving object.Potential energy is the energy associated with the forces that depend on the position of the object. However, there are specific types of authorisationity energy and in this lab we exit consider gravitational potential energy. Gravitational potential energy is the energy possessed by the objected receivable to earths soberness. This can be specifically defined by the equationPEgrav=mgy (equation 2)Where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity and y is the height of the object.With these energies defined, add energy of the system is the sum of its kinetic energy and potential energy at any point in time.Total energy= kinetic energy+ potential energy= uniformTherefore the law of conservation of energy is defined as the tota l energy is neither increased nor decreased in any process. zipper can be transformed from one to another, and transferred from one object to another, only the total amount remained constant, therefore conserve. Procedurethe procedure of this lab involves a dynamic trail launched up a track towards a motion sensor. Once the equipment is set, measure the angle and record. Then use the coiled ring launcher to launch the dynamic cart by transferring kinetic energy which in turn sets the cart into motion along the cart. The cart will reach a maximum height on the track out front it reserve direction. Collect the date of position and time by connecting the motion sensor to data studio which will record the results as the cart as the cart is in motion. Graph position versus time and velocity versus time with the data collected from the motion sensor.ConclusionIn this test we observed that no energy was scattered in the system, even the energy was not keep. This can be shown by en ergy versus time graphs. In the theory the law of conservation assumes that there is no attrition, thus conserved energy. However, in this experiment we observed the friction that occurred between the wheels of the coaster and the track, and the wheels of the cart and the track. This friction explains how energy is not conserved and also due to a vitiated fraction of the systematic error that occurred in conducting the lab. This error can be shown in the uncertainty of the angle and the uncertainty of the position of the cart by the motion sensor. With this uncertainty taken into account, it can explain why the transmission channel was not horizontal. To conclude the experiment proves that there is no energy lost in the system due to the transfer of potential energy to kinetic, however energy is not conserved due to friction.

Audit Program Design Part Iii

stock-take and entrepot round of drinks The canvas of the livestock and w behousing cycle is intentional to test history counts, processes, and operations. The classes of minutes in this cycle include sales, value of inventory, cost of goods sold, sales returns and grants, and estimates of allowance for slow moving inventory. Tests of Controls and square Tests of legal proceedingTable WK6-1 displays the interrelationships of the transaction related to visit objectives, tests of controls, and of the essence(p) tests of transactions that should be approved during the audit process of Apollo Shoes, Inc. Table WK6-1. memorial memory board Cycle Tests of Controls and all-important(a) Tests of Transactions Audit Design (Arens, Elder, & international angstrom unitere Beasley, 2006) Inventory Apollo Shoes, Inc.Transaction-Related Audit Objectives Tests of Controls Substantive Tests of Transactions Transaction-Related Audit Objective Tests of Controls Substantive Tests of Transactions Inventory as preserve on tags exists (existence). * Select a random sample of tag way outs and identify the tag with that number attached to the actual inventory. * Observe whether movement of inventory takes place during the count. active inventory is counted and tagged, and tags are accounted for to make sure none are missing (completeness). * Examine inventory to make sure it is tagged. * Observe whether movement of inventory takes place during the count. * Inquire as to inventory in other locations. Inventory is counted accurately (accuracy). * Recount clients counts to make sure the record counts are accurate on the tags (also check descriptions and unit of count, such as dozen or gross). * Compare material counts with perpetual inventory chasten file. * enrol clients counts for posterior testing. Inventory is classified the right way on the tags (classification). * Examine inventory descriptions on the tags and compare with the actual inventory for raw material, work-in-process, and finished goods. * Evaluate whether the percent of completion preserve on the tags for work-in-process is reasonable. Information is obtained to make sure sales and inventory purchases are recorded in the proper period (cutoff). * Record in the audit files for subsequent follow-up the last receiving report number used at year-end. * fake sure the inventory for the above item was included in the physical count. The client has rights to inventory recorded on tags (rights). * Inquire about dispatch or customer inventory included on clients premises. * Be alert for inventory that is set aside or curiously marked as indications of non-ownership. uninflected Procedures Analytical procedures can be performed some(prenominal) times during an engagement * In the planning phase to assist in determining the nature, extent, and timing of work to be performed. During the testing phase of the audit in conjunction with the audit procedures, and * Dur ing the completion phase of the audit as a final review for material misstatements for pecuniary problems and to help the attender take a final objective look at the financial statements that have been audited (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006, p. 208). Arens, Elder, and Beasley (2006) explain that one of the most important analytical procedures for uncovering misstatements of the Inventory and Warehousing Cycle are comparing real with prior year.Analytical procedures for the balance sheet and income statement accounts in the Inventory and Warehousing Cycle are presented in Table WK6-2. Table WK6-2. Inventory and Warehousing Cycle Analytical Procedures (Arens, Elder & Beasley, 2006) interchange Cycle The following(a) tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for the Cash Cycle discussed by Arens, Elder, and Beasley (2006) are designed to ensure existence, completeness, accuracy, classification, timing, and summarization.Table WK6-3 illustrates the design of tes t of controls and substantive tests of Cash Cycle. Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions Cash Apollo Shoes, Inc. Transaction-Related Audit Objectives Tests of Controls Substantive Tests of Transactions Transaction-Related Audit Objective Tests of Controls Substantive Tests of Transactions Cash in the coin blaspheme as stated on the reconciliation exists (existence) * Receipt and tests of a bank confirmation. * Proof account exists and balances are accurate. Existing funds in the bank is recorded (completeness). * Receipt and tests of a cutoff bank statement. * Tests of the bank reconciliation Cash in the bank as stated on the reconciliation is accurate (accuracy). * Tests of the bank reconciliation. * wide tests of the bank reconciliation. * Tests for kiting. * Proof of specie. Cash in the bank is properly presented and disclose (presentation and disclosure). * Examine minutes, loan agreements, and obtain confirmation for restrictions on the use of ca sh and compensating balances. * Review financial statements to make sure (a) material savings accounts and certificates of down payment are disclosed separately from cash in the bank,(b) cash restricted to certain uses and compensating balances are adequately disclosed, and (c) bank overdrafts are included as current liabilities. Cash receipts and cash disbursements transactions are recorded in the proper period (cutoff). * Cash receiptsCount the cash on hand on the last daytime of the year and by and by trace to deposits in transit and the cash receipts journal. Cash disbursementsRecord the last check number used on the last day of the year and subsequently trace to the outstanding checks and the cash disbursements journal * cast deposits in transit to subsequent period bank statement (cutoff bank statement). * Trace outstanding checks to subsequent period bank statement. Table WK6-3. Cash Cycle Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions Audit Design (Arens, Eld er, & Beasley, 2006) Analytical Procedures Analytical procedures for the balance sheet and income statement accounts in the Cash Cycle are presented in Table WK6-4.Table WK6-4 Cash Cycle Analytical Procedures (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006) References Arens, A. A. , Elder, R. J. , & Beasley, M. S. (2006). Auditing and assurance services an integrated approach (11th ed. ). Upper blame River, NJ Pearson. Louwers, T. J. , & Reynolds, J. K. (2007). Apollo shoes, inc. An audit case to accompany auditing and assurance services. University of phoenix Custom Edition e-Text. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from University of Phoenix,ACC546 Auditing website.

Carbohydrate Lab Report Essay

qualitative identification of a substance is of significant importance in chemistry. somatic constants such as melting points have tradition eithery been used by organic chemistry for identification of chartless compounds. As for inorganic substances, the precipitation of a solid, entrusts of a flame test, or the formation of a coloured substance could any be keys to identifying a sample. Chromatography and spectra be amongst the newer techniques practiced today. A problem that arises in biochemistry when attempting to identify a particular compound is that the tests that are utilized to identify these compounds rely on the reaction of a utilitarian group and therefore will yield collateral reactions with more than unless one compound. This means that more than one test has to be performed in order to deduce which compound is present by process of elimination. cabbage chemistry allows us a great opportunity to better get a line qualitative testing. The tests run within th is experiment are usually carried issue to identify simple carbohydrates. It is possible that by running these tests with a transition of different carbohydrates we determine the identity of an unknown sample. political campaignsBenedicts TestTests for Reducing Sugar (+), Nonreducing Sugar ()Positive result Red flow veto result No precipitate Bials TestTests for Pentoses (+), early(a) ()Positive result trade in color to cloudy aristocratic colored banish result Not cloudy dark blueish Barfoerds TestTests for Monosaccharides (+), Disaccharides ()Positive result Red precipitate Negative result No precipitate Seliwanoffs TestTests for Fructose (+), other ()Positive result Change in color to orange Negative result Not orange Glucose Oxidase TestTests for Glucose (+), Other ()Positive result Changes color Negative result Remains same color starch Iodine TestTests for Starch (+), Sucrose ()Positive result Change in color to blue Negative result Not blueDiscussionWe determined our carbohydrate to be ribose considering it matched up perfectly with all the test results we had ran. Ribose was the only carbohydrate of the ten that had similar reactions to the tests performed. The three tests that ribose was area to were Benedicts test, Bials test, and Barfoerds test, all of which ribose tested positive for. Since the unknown also tested positive to these three tests and negative to all other tests that we ran, this means the unknown is a reducing sugar, a pentose, and a monosaccharide. We did have a bit of trouble trying to decide whether the unknown was arabinose or ribose because they both tested positive to the aforementioned tests. However, arabinose had a green tint and our unknown matched in color more closely to riboses dark blue.Read moreIodine Test for Starch laboratory Report

Acquaint yourself with the characters in the story Essay

express by dint of the accounting and write down a few points that tot up the plotof the recital. Acquaint yourself with the characters in the reputation. plot The structure of the report cardline, the way in which the action develops. This will usu incessantlyy(prenominal)y include the flocktings, the development of character, crisis or climax and reply The plot is some two young slew, Sandra and Kerry, who belong to the Good Neighbours Club. They go to do volunteer browse at Mrs Rutters house. She is an elderly doll who lives past Packers End, a field that was said to be haunted.Sandra is non pleased that it is Kerry she is working with, as she had hoped it would be her friend, Susie. After somewhat time, Mrs Rutter tells them the story of what really happened at Packers End during the war. An opp mavennt tied(p) was shot down over the field and she and her sister (Dot) went to canvass the crash. They found the plane, hardly also found one of the s honest-to-go odnessiers in it until now alive. Because it was the enemy and because her own husband had been killed in the war, Mrs Rutter leaves the soldier to die overnight.When they fetch at the scene the next morning, he is still alive, but they have ont get any help for him. * The young people atomic number 18 shocked by what she tells them and Sandra suddenly sees Mrs Rutter in a new light, but she also sees Kerry in a new light. Sandra She is a young little girl who is a volunteer at the Good Neighbours Club. She tells us that she is nervy and we see this when she walks past Packers End. She describes how when she was younger she had mind there were wolves and witches and tigers in the wood.This changed and when she was ab off twelve she heard that a Ger humanness plane had gone down there, but had also heard stories round gypsies and rapists. She is a conventional young girl who would corresponding to have a bit of a giggle with her friend, Susie, and is disappointed that Kerry S tevens with his blacked licked-down hair and slitty eyes was link her at Mrs Rutters. Kerry is described in detail in lines 135 139. What does this interpretation suggest to you? It is mostly about his appearance acne, pale flesh all that Sandra is concerned with is his appearance at first.This changes at the end of the story. She doesnt sack out how Kerry can stand having dirt and grime under his nails from working on cars and she thought of oily workshop floors, of the fetid underside of cars (line 207). She thinks that Mrs Rutter will be old and kind and thinks that old Mrs Rutter with her wonky leg would be ever so pleased to see them because they were really sweet, lots of the old people (lines 93 94). Mrs Rutter She is seen at first to be a typical old lady who lives at Nether Cottage and is described as a dear old thing, all on her own (lines 4 5).Her demeanour and the setting of the cottage (see orbit) portray her as ordinary. She is described as a cottage-loaf of a woman, with a face below which chins collapsed into one another, a chromatic smiling pool of a face in which her eyes snapped and darted (lines 97 99). This description of her appearance certainly doesnt convey anything but a gentle old woman. Kerry Stevens He is a typical teenage male child with acne and blacked licked-down hair who is pleased when he gives Sandra a fright when they meet at Packers End.He is shocked by Mrs Rutters story and vows never to go near that old bitch again (line 364). Setting Packers End and Nether Cottage atomic number 18 where the story takes place. Packers End is described as a chilling place where dreadful things have happened You didnt go by yourself through Packers End if you could help it, not after teatime, besides (lines 30 31). Nether Cottage is described as being change with sweet ornaments and pictures. Look at the description in lines 101 one hundred five and try to imagine what the board looked like. Does this tell us anything about Mrs Rutter?The room is cluttered, but quite homely. The ornaments are all of rabbits and kittens and milkmaids and children these are hardly sinister. She comes across as someone who likes collecting memorabilia Look at the description in lines 144 145 a composite chintzy mass from which the cushions oozed and her example flowed softly on. This is a cosy description which portrays her as a good old woman. The structure of this story relies on the reader getting to realize Mrs Rutter as a gentle woman who lives alone and is quite missed because of her wonky leg.When she does tell us the horrific story of the plane going down and her and Dots failure to save the man who is still alive, it becomes all the more horrific and we realise, with Sandra, that people are not always what they seem and that there is definitely darkness out there. This makes the identification that much more startling and effective. Everything is not as it appears, oh no (line 384). We are also th en able to comprehend why Sandra sees such a change in Kerry.The change in Kerry is also well set up as in the beginning, from Sandras descriptions, we are led to turn over that he is not special and yet at the end Sandra says things like He had grown he had got older and larger. His anger eclipsed his acne, the patches of grease on his jeans, his lardy midriff (lines 373 375). Look at the last two paragraphs pick out the images of darkness. How do these images link to the story and to the title?You could get people scathe and there was a darkness that was not the darkness of tree shadows and turbid undergrowth (lines 375 377) and the next you glimpsed darkness, an inescapable darkness. The darkness was out there and it was a part of you and you would never be without it, ever. (lines 380 382) These quotations refer to darkness, because the speaker in the story has just glimpsed inescapable darkness herself in the form of Mrs Rutter.This has changed the way she thinks about other people and the way in which she will view the world from now on. She says it will be with her for ever and she will never be without it now that she knows what it is. She will never be able to see a person, no matter how nice and innocent they look, as just that.This story deals with a young girls realisation about life. Her unhurt outlook on life changes at the end of the story. Choose one other story in the anthology that deals with this publishing and show how the authors present this issue to us. Describe what the issue is and look at how their characters deal with it. (A good equality would be Superman and Paula Browns Snowsuit. ) Show preview single The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

Hobbes vs the Fool

Hobbes vs the Fool In Hobbes case, judge is characterized living a engagement, and for those who shatter their obligation bequeath be penalized accordingly. The break up original expresses his assertion having said in his heart in that location is no such(prenominal) subject as justice (L p. I ch xv 4). If there be no covenants to be broken, this would signify neither just or unjust actions exist. The get into around by rejecting the macrocosm of fairness is rejecting the achievement of covenants in general, yet as we currently understand from our own know-how, the fools contention is unsound.In in all(prenominal) day interactions persons wield in diverse examples support their covenants. Here, Hobbes makes the fools place emerge blatantly untrue for its conspicuous betrayal of the genuine world. Yet, as he ext checks, it is non the case that the fool refutes the reality of fairness in this steering. He answers, the fool does non therein refute that there be cove nants and that ar on occasion broken, occasionally kept, and that such break of them may be called injustice, and the observance of them justice (L p. I ch xv 4).However the fool accepts as factual that it is precisely his dependable of the covenant, nonpareil made in evolving part of a commonwealth, that it is flawlessly in ingenuous standing to let on ones place even if he will take from his or an otherwise(a) covenant. The period covenant from Hobbes tie-up identifies a kind of agreement in which both parties either acquiesce to play their part, one presently and the other in the future, or both at a resultant cadence. This is distinct from a normal agreement in which both parties proceed presently, neither having the possibility to falsify their activities from their agreement.Hobbes identifies a covenants cleverness to deceitful agreement, when one or both parties acquiesces to their part with shady aims, or when one or both parties makes a legitimate responsibility and sequent end up shattering it. For the fool, if he has a possibility to better himself-importance in any way whatsoever he will humannessage so despite of any covenant made. But the fool solidly accepts as factual that he has the right to shatter one covenant if he feels that he has revealed himself to strike needlessly increasing his vulnerability as the covenant continues.Hobbes composes as the fool saying every mans conservation and merriment being pledged to his own care, there could be no capture why every man might not manage what he considered conduced thereunto, and thus furthermore to make or not make, hold or not hold, covenants was not adverse to cause, when it conduced to ones benefit (L p. I ch xv 4). From the fools viewpoint it is only sane to shatter covenant with other ones, being foes with all other ones rather than of holding covenants with those who might traverse him in a world where every individual is just seeking to survive.At this issue defend a dev elopst of ones own brio as well as exploitation of other ones, premier in numerous situations to their decrease of life, are revealed with some rationale. Hobbes subsequent recounts the alike(p)ly situation of vying persons and their procedure of attack. Hobbes sees the right of the one-by-one to manage anything is essential to endure, not less than while dwelling intimate a State of genius and Ware, ethics in a sense non-existent. Hobbes refutes the fool, carrying the reality of fairness inside a commonwealth.It is the individuals right as it is recounted in the State of record and later on the State of War of which we are all a part, as grand as we subsist with extinct deposition on and acknowledgement of a mutual s all overeign, is therefor habitually called into inquiry while at the identical time identified and supported. Hobbes call downs in a status of conflict wherein every man to every man is an foe, there is no man can heed by his own agent or wit to fight hin dquarters himself from decimation without the assist of confederates (L p. I ch xv 5).Thus in eager to eliminate ones self from a state of conflict, banding simultaneously is the only salvation and this require covenant finally producing in a commonwealth. For Hobbes, the less sensible is that considered which adds one to live as an one-by-one contrary to all other ones, shattering covenants or producing none. The more sensible considered then acknowledging reality as part of a assembly of others sticking some allowance of fairness, some reality in witness mingled with young individuals under a mutual rule.Some decisive affirmation upon the situation of interactions of persons should be made, identifying a widespread power distinct and command processing overhead the body of the assembly, and more mighty than any one-by-one so as to verify control. In confederacy Hobbes contends, power and security can be discovered, take a firm stand he affirms he conceives it cause to deceiv e those that assist him can in cause anticipate no other entails of security than what can be had from his own lone power (L p. I ch xv 5).Here, Hobbes weighs the scale between the just and the unjust, the one-by-one and the assembly, honesty and self-centred cunning, revealing the benefit of calm over war. The fool is only involved in short viewed goals, instant requital for ones activities, which live mostly in the state of nature. Hobbes considers the larger advantage of relying on other ones, or not less than living in a assembly with a widespread aim contending that living inside a commonwealth is the favorable alternative because the advantages outweigh the loss.He considers the essential situation for the reality of just and unjust actions when he composes, there should be some overbearing power to compel men identically to the presentation of their covenants and to make good that propriety which by mutual agreement men come by, in recompense of the universal right they ab andon and such power there is no one before the erection of a commonwealth (L p. I ch xv 3).Hobbes states that attaining the secure and perpetual felicity of heaven is vein, frivolous, in a State of character, there being but one way imaginable, and that is not shattering, but holding of covenant (L p. I ch xv 6). This is his pack objection to the fools fondness for completely acknowledging and exploiting freezing hard individualism. He conceives that not anything will convey us out of a State of Nature and War other than mutual acknowledgement of a sovereign power which can, because of its power, p house over all men (in commonwealth) such that no one-by-one sees it in his better concern to disobey.This salvation for man, without rejecting that he actions for the advantage of himself, Hobbes explains The last origin, end or conceive of men (who routinely love liberty and formula over others) in the introduction of that restraint upon themselves in which we glimpse them reside in commonwealths is the foresight of their own preservation, and of a more contented life thereby that is to state, of getting themselves out from that sad status of conflict, which is inevitably subsequent to the natural passions of men, when there is no evident power to hold them in awe, and bind them by disturbance of penalization to the resentation of their covenants and fact of those regulations of environment perplex down in the fourteenth and fifteenth chapters. (L p. II ch xvii 1) Here, Hobbes recounts the trade in off. One should vitally stop certain one-by-one privileges, and in come tail are exempt from a state of war. The steadiness of the commonwealth, of the current expression of calm, and likewise of the sovereign are all reliant upon this awe Hobbes converses most and the business organisation which is essential for binding one to the fulfillment of covenant.He contends that acquiescing to covenant out of worry of ones own life, deserves that one should fulf ill it, saying that in covenant to yield ransom, or service, for my life, to an foe in the state of Nature, I am compelled by it (L p. I ch xiv 27). Hobbes indicates the untrue compromise that in dealing by some of youre right to manage anything you delight, so much as it is permitted in preservation of youre life in the State of Nature, which has no restrict, you rather than gain worry, not only of the sovereign and its direct, but furthermore a worry about those round you who may select to exploit your believe in justice.In the natural state worry is glimpsed as essential for the reasonable and tired to sustain protecting against of their life. When matching the State of Nature, to that of a commonwealth we glimpse worry lives non the less, when there is a ruling sovereign. Fear is like the equipment which drives the motor of the commonwealth, which Hobbes states defends contrary to a state of war. This worry he states, is the terror of some penalty larger than the advantage they anticipate by the break of their covenant (L p.I ch xv 3). However, worry lives as an absolutely crucial survival constituent in the State of Nature as well, and therefore is not certain thing profited or swapped in justice. Hobbes devotes us the idea of The Third Law of Nature to classify truth, saying that because of that which we are obliged to move to another such privileges, being kept, hinder the calm of mankind and thus men present their covenants made, without which covenants are in vain and the right of all men to all things residual, we are still in a status of war ( L p. I ch xv 1). Either it is fairness living in a state of calm, or not anything just or unjust living in a state of war. In a very considerable way, the fool presents Hobbes with a grappling colleague, one who can both articulate the other side of what he is saying, but furthermore extends to be that sticker in his issue which he cant assist but fiddle with, its stubbornness departing a pinch of nearly a nxious discomfort.It is unclear at times if Hobbes really contends with the fool or contrary to him, as Edwin Curley remarks The place Hobbes ascribes to the fool is very like the one Grotius ascribes to Carneades, who he takes as agent of those who refute natural law. Since Hobbes himself had appeared to be close to carneades place in Dcv I, 10 (proclaiming that in the state of environment earnings is the assess of right) (L p. I ch xv 4 2 ).

Law of the Harvest LDS Talk

My dear Brothers and Sisters, It is so good to be with you today. The warmth and lie with that each of you realize is so good to feel and to be patch of the fellowship of the saints. Brother XYZ has asked that I talk to the Law of the Harvest. G eitherations 67 Whatsoever a bit Soweth , that sh every(prenominal) he reap I affect to first appoint with you a level. Many years ago when I was consummationing in Sacramento I had to ask a bumble for run for to San Los Opisbo. The funeral was to be in the early afternoon so I could hold in the trip in one day. I got each my items to cookher. I had mappings and directions from map-quest.I knew my direction and I was going to make it there. I got there in no problem notwithstanding noticed that I took me a miniature eagle-eyeder then I had think. Once there service was oer I got in the van that I was driving and looked over the map and saw that I just use uped to drive on the course I was on and then turn near the town o f Avenal and that would get me on I-5. I started out and began driving. After a while I noticed that I hadnt taken the right turn that I had planned on doing. I pulled over and saw that if I stayed on this pass I could go into the town of Coalinga and then get I-5 again.But it was going to be more driving on this quite road. I say to myself nearly I will just start out to go flyinger to make up the time. It felt like forever but I do it was not but I came up over a leap and saw the familiar outline of a high expression patrol car. I pulled to the right of the road right as I passed him. His lights came on and over to me and came around behind me. He came over to my window where I had my drivers authorize and insurance waiting for him. He askeme where I was heading. After a long explanation he saw all my maps and told me that I was going to fast and that I necessary to slow down.He let me off but said that if he ever caught me again He would throw the book at me What did I learn from this lesson of my life. I had made a plan I had the directions and the form determined our for me. I had a road map but I failed to get on the right road. Then in kick of youth I decided that I would try to race to make up time. Which cost me time. This is like life, Laws be eternal truth that we mention and the direct action of those natural police forces. We posterior choose to keep the commandments but we end NOT CHOOSE the result of that choice. we cast off the map and course laid out for us to follow. Our leaders guide the way for us to follow.We need to listen to there council and wisdom. We fundament NOT expect to live a life of sin and of misdeeds and still return back to our Father. But I KNOW that the converse is true. That if we live a life of goodness and of obedience then we shall be welejaculated home to our father. Then for life there is redemption. The unspeakable gift that divinity has give us through his son turn outyman saviour. The wa y to overcome the consequences of our actions. Like the officer in my account statement They can grant us forgiveness and met out mercy because justice was served those some years ago in Gessmetine groves and on Calvarys hill.D&C 130 20-21 in that respect is a law, irrevocably decreed in heaven before the foundations of this world, upon which all blessings argon predicatedand when we obtain any blessing from God, it is by obedience to that law upon which it is predicated. Take time today to reflect upon your life and the amours that you have. I receive that you will find that it is a direct reflection of the life that you have lived. Before I continue I need to read other(prenominal) scripture as a clarification Alma Chapter 38 ( Alma speaking to his sone Shiblon.He be a rightous man who was great missionary unto the populate of Zoramites And now, my son, I swan that I shall have great joy in you, because of your steadiness and your pendantion unto God for as you have co mmenced in your youth to look to the original your God, tied(p) so I hope that you will continue in keeping his commandments for cheering is he that endureth to the end. I say unto you, my son, that I have had great joy in thee already, because of thy faithfulness and thy diligence, and thy patience and thy long-suffering among the people of the Zoramites.For I chouse that thou wast in bonds yea, and I as well know that thou wast stoned for the words sake and thou didst plunk for all these amours with patience because the Lord was with thee and now thou knowest that the Lord did deliver thee. And now my son, Shiblon, I would that ye should remember, that as much as ye shall put your assumption in God even so much ye shall be delivered out of your trials, and your troubles, and your afflictions, and ye shall be lifted up at the last day. I sh ar that scripture so that none whitethorn think that the trails that they have be a punishment for sin.Trails act as the refiners fire spoken of in 1 Peter 17. older Sill said this One of the distinguishing characteristics of our world is that it is a place of law and order, and the basic law of creation is Gods fundamental law of compensation. It says that all guide must be compensable for, that we can no more do a good thing without sometime, in some way receiving a reward, than we can do an flagitious thing without suffering a penalty. In everything that we do, including the very thoughts that we think, we are subject to this interesting, undeviating eternal law.It is just as universal in its military operation as are the laws of gravity, electricity, light or heat. It is never set aside, it is never suspended or restricted, and it governs in every department of human activity. null is ever denied to well-directed effort and nothing is ever achieved without it. It is a thrilling challenge, that we may have any blessing that we are willing to live for. And the elementary law of the universe is this immuta ble,.. irrevocable law of the harvest that says, Whatsoever a man seteth, that shall he also reap. ( Gala. 67 ) ( The Law of the Harvest, p. 1. ) infer of it my fellow saints D&C 82 10 I, the Lord, am move when ye do what I say but when ye do not what I say, ye have no promise. You need to make the choice today the figure of person you want to figure out forth and then do what is required to become that son or daughter of God. In my calling I kick the bucket with the young men. I invite them to chart the course they want to take. If you puzzle out the course and you make your plans the small choices along the way are easier to make. The blessings are real I have seen them in my life and they can happen in your life.Sometimes other people are in your path that make living the gospel hard. I think of a story from my mission days. My mission president would from time to time send me a missionary that undeniable some guidance. Elder XYZ was one such Elder. He had a sleeping pr oblem. He would sleep until 10, 11 maybe even noon and then get up to work. When I received the assignment. I was told that I needed to help him not by being the initiate master but by a quite example of get it on and compassion. Each morning I would rise at the appointed mo and begin my day. I would follow all the mission rules that I could.I essay with all my might to find people for us to teach and the work with. We began to teach these people when Elder Allen would rise we would begin our day. Brothers and Sisters the Lord blessed us with some amazing people to teach and baptize. Elder XYZ knew it I knew it and President XYZ knew that is was obedience to the rules of the mission and to what we needed to do that produced that fruit. The Lord was jumpstart to help these people as a result of simple Elder ABC following the mission rules. Many times we just need to follow the commandments and as a result og our actions people lives are blessed.This close to often happens with church leaders or those who are charged with service of process people along the path of life. Because of ones faithful discharge then another is blessed Brother CFD was a faithful home teacher he would go out and visit the people that he had on his route. or so if not all of them never came to church. He had a name on his list of Brother ERD. For four long years he would go to this mans home and talk with him and invite him to come back. He would get the resembling answer each time. Nope not this hebdomad A change started to come over him as he saw this faithful brother.Then one week he came to church. The ward welcomed him back and he became interested in the work that needed to get done. His wife had to be baptized and his grand kids needed names placed on the roles of the church. He came back to the fold of God because one man decided to share his time with another and follow the charge that he had as a priesthood leader. As we serve others cardinal things happen. 1- Lives o f the people change and are made easier or they get wedge that are given to them 2- the people giving the service are rewarded for the work they are done.This reward or compensation is both physical and also spiritual. Alpha was the President of his Teachers quorum , I was the advisor, One Sunday about devil years ago we heard that brother YTR had a bad hazard and would not be able to mow his lawn. In Priesthood we talked about the require of Brother YTR and the Bishop told Alpha to get the lawn mowed. Alpha a young 15 year old , holder of the Priesthood of God, planned on going to this house. They got rides for the boys that needed them. They got lawn mowers and edgers. Then They called me.Alpha told me that They were going to there on Wednesday and thought I should know. I was surprised that it was planned. I told him that I could be there and would turn a watermelon if they wanted. He said sure and I was there at the home. Alpha and his fellow members of the Aaronic Priestho od provided service and were blessed. I was taught by these boys and they taught each other. These stories are not unique, you all have these analogous stories of obedience to a law of God and cherish in the blessings that you received . Each time that story is shared the blessings are relived and your excitement is filled.I want to warn us all to not think that these blessings are ours and ours alone. Many faithful people of all religions are given blessings and can feel of the Law of the Harvest. The lord is the same yesterday today and forever and when we do a righteous thing we will be blessed. For those of us who have strayed and who need help acquiring back on the path there is hope. Christ paid the determine for our sin and know how to welcome us back. Luke 8 4- 15 Christ taught the parable of the sower And when much people were gathered together, and were come to him out of every city, he spake by a parableA sower went out to sow his seed and as he sowed, some fell by the way side and it was trodden down, and the fowls of the air devoured it. And some fell upon a rock and as soon as it was sprung up, it withered away, because it lacked moisture. And some fell among thorns and the thorns sprang up with it, and clogged it. And other fell on good stain, and sprang up, and bare fruit an hundredfold. And when he had said these things, he cried, He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. And his disciples asked him, saying, What might this parable be?And he said, Unto you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God but to others in parables that seeing they might not see, and hearing they might not understand. now the parable is this The seed is the word of God. Those by the way side are they that hear then cometh the devil, and taketh away the word out of their hearts, lest they should believe and be saved. They on the rock are they, which, when they hear, receive the word with joy and these have no root, which for a while believe, and in tim e of temptation steady down away.And that which fell among thorns are they, which, when they have heard, go forth, and are choked with cares and wealth and pleasures of this life, and bring no fruit to perfection. But that on the good ground are they, which in an honest and good heart, having heard the word, keep it, and bring forth fruit with patience. Verse 13 tells of the hope that we have for these who supervene away for a time. Let us do what we can to bring them back. The atonement of Christ is for all. I know that as a man soweth so shall he reap.

History of martial law

Brief line of business family of Martial LawOn September 21, 1972, Marcos issued declaration 1081, declaring martial natural law over the broad(a) country , claiming that it was the last defense against the rising disorder caused by more and more violent student demonstrations, the alleged threats of communistic insurgence by the juvenile Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), and the Muslim separatist work of theMoro National freeing Front (MNLF). One of his low gear actions was to arrest opposition politicians in copulation and the Constitutional Convention.Initial public reaction to martial law was somely well-to-do except in Muslim areas of the s verbotenh, where a separatist rebellion, led by the MNLF, broke out in 1973. Despite halfhearted attempts to negotiate a cease-fire, the rebellion continued to claim thousands of force and civilian casualties. Communist insurgency expanded with the creation of the National Democratic Front (NDF), an organization compr ehend the CPP and another(prenominal) communist groups. Under martial law the regime was adequate to reduce violent urban crime, collect unregistered firearms, and suppress communist insurgency in some areas.At the same time, a series of important new concessions were given to unconnected investors, including a prohibition on strikes by organized labour, and a land-reform program was launched. In January 1973 Marcos proclaimed the ratification of a new constitution based on the parliamentary system, with himself as some(prenominal) president and prime minister. He did not, however, convene the interim legislature that was called for in that document. Under the presidents command, the military arrested opposition figures, including Benigno Aquino, journalists, student and jade activists, and criminal elements.A total of about 30,000 detainees were kept at military compounds become by the army and the Philippine Constabulary. Weapons were confiscated, and person-to-person arm ies connected with prominent politicians and other figures were broken up. unfermentedspapers were shut down, and the mass media were brought under tight control. With the stroke of a pen, Marcos closed the Philippine Congress and assumed its legislative responsibilities. During the 1972-81 martial law period, Marcos, invested with dictatorial powers, issued hundreds of presidential decrees, many of which were never published.Like much else connected with Marcos, the closure of martial law had a theatrical, smoke-and-mirrors quality. The incident that precipitated Proclamation 1081 was an attempt, allegedly by communists, to assassinate Minister of National Defense Enrile. As Enrile himself admitted subsequently Marcoss downfall in 1986, his unoccupied car had been riddled by machinegun bullets pink-slipped by his own men on the night that Proclamation 1081 was signed. roughly Filipinosor at least those well positioned within the sparing and complaisant selectedsinitially su pported the imposition of martial law.The rising tide of emphasis and lawlessness was apparent to everyone. Although still modest in comparison with the Huk insurgency of the early 1950s, the stark naked Peoples Army was expanding, and the Muslim secessionist movement continued in the south with foreign support. Well-worn themes of communist gangMarcos claimed that a network of front organizations was operating among our peasants, laborers, professionals, intellectuals, students, and mass media personnel order a ready audience in the unify States, which did not reject the demise of Philippine democracy.The New Society Marcos claimed that martial law was the function to creating a New Society based on new fond and policy-making values. He argued that certain aspects of personal behavior, attri exactlyed to a compound mentality, were obstacles to in effect(p) modernization. These included the primacy of personal connections, as reflected in the ethic of utang na loob, and the enormousness of master(prenominal)taining in-group harmony and coherence, even at the cost to the national community.A new temperament of self-sacrifice for the national welfare was necessary if the country were to equal the accomplishments of its Asiatic neighbors, such as Taiwan and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). Despite Marcoss practically perceptive criticisms of the old society, Marcos, his wife, and a small circle of close associates, the crony group, now felt free to practice corruption on an awesome scale. Political, economic, and social policies were designed to neutralize Marcoss rivals within the elite.The old political system, with its parties, rough-and-tumble election campaigns, and a press so uninhibited in its vituperative and libelous nature that it was called the freest in the world, had been boss-ridden and dominated by the elite since early American colonial days, if not before. The elite, however, composed of local political dynasties, had never bee n a homogeneous group. Its feuds and tensions, fueled as often by assaults on amor proprio (self-esteem) as by disagreement on ideology or issues, made for a pluralistic system.Marcoss self-proclaimed revolution from the top deprive significant portions of the old elite of power and patronage. For example, the powerful Lopez family, who had fallen out of Marcoss favor (Fernando Lopez had served as Marcoss first vice president), was stripped-down of most of its political and economic assets. Although always influential, during the martial law years, Imelda Marcos make her own power base, with her husbands support. Concurrently the governor of tube-shaped structure Manila and minister of gentleman settlements (a post created for her), she exercised significant powers. Crony CapitalismDuring the first years of martial law, the economy benefited from increased stability, and business confidence was bolstered by Marcoss appointment of talented technocrats to economic planning posts. Despite the 1973 cover price rise shock, the growth of the gross national product (GNP) was respectable, and the oil-pushed pompousness rate, reaching 40 percent in 1974, was trimmed back to 10 percent the following year. Between 1973 and the early 1980s, dependence on traffic oil was reduced by home(prenominal) finds and successful elan vital commutation measures, including one of the worlds most ambitious geothermal energy programs.Claiming that if land reform fails, there is no New Society, Marcos launched highly air new initiatives that resulted in the formal transfer of land to some 184,000 f instrumenty farm families by late 1975. The law was filled with loopholes, however, and had little impact on local landowning elites or landless peasants, who remained desperately poor. The largest, most productive, and technically most advanced manufacturing enterprises were gradually brought under the control of Marcoss cronies.For example, the huge business conglomerate owned by the Lopez family, which included major newspapers, a broadcast network, and the countrys largest electric power company, was broken up and distributed to Marcos loyalists including Imelda Marcoss brother, Benjamin Kokoy Romualdez, and another loyal crony, Roberto Benedicto. Huge monopolies and semimonopolies were established in manufacturing, construction, and monetary services. When these giants proved unprofitable, the government subsidized them with allocations amounting to hundreds of millions of pesos.Philippine Airlines, the nations international and domestic air carrier, was nationalized and turned into what one author has called a virtual private commuter line for Imelda Marcos and her friends on shopping excursions to New York and Europe. Probably the most negative impact of crony capitalism, however, was felt in the traditional cash-crop sector, which utilise millions of ordinary Filipinos in the rural areas. (The coconut industry alone brought income to an estimated 15 million to 18 million people. ) Under Benedicto and Eduardo Cojuangco, distribution and marketing monopolies for pillage and coconuts were established.Farmers on the local level were obliged to sell only to the monopolies and stock less than world prices for their crops they also were the first to suffer when world commodity prices dropped. Millions of dollars in profits from these monopolies were diverted overseas into Swiss bank accounts, real number estate deals, and purchases of art, jewelry, and antiques. On the island of Negros in the Visayas, the region developed by Nicholas Loney for the clams industry in the nineteenth century, sugar barons continued to live lives of luxury, but the farming community suffered from degrees of malnutrition rare in other parts of atomic number 34 Asia.Ferdinand Marcos was responsible for making the previously nonpolitical, professional fortify Forces of the Philippines, which since American colonial times had been modeled on the Unit ed States military, a major actor in the political process. This subversion occurred done in two ways. First, Marcos prescribed officers from the Ilocos region, his home province, to its highest ranks. Regional background and loyalty to Marcos quite an than talent or a distinguished service record were the major factors in promotion.Fabian Ver, for example, had been a childhood friend of Marcos and later his chauffeur, rose to become chief of faculty of the armed forces and head of the internal security network. Secondly, both officers and the rank and file away became beneficiaries of generous budget allocations. Officers and enlisted personnel received generous salary increases. Armed forces personnel increased from about 58,000 in 1971 to 142,000 in 1983. Top-ranking military officers, including Ver, contend an important policy-making role.On the local level, commanders had opportunities to exploit the economy and establish personal patronage networks, as Marcos and the milit ary establishment evolved a symbiotic relationship under martial law. A military whose commanders, with some exceptions, were rewarded for loyalty rather than competence proved both brutal and ineffective in transaction with the rapidly growing communist insurgency and Muslim separatist movement. word of civilians in rural areas was often harsh, causing rural people, as a measure of self-protection rather than ideological commitment, to cooperate with the insurgents.The communist insurgency, after some reverses in the 1970s, grew quickly in the early 1980s, particularly in some of the poorest regions of the country. The Muslim separatist movement reached a violent stature in the mid1970s and then declined greatly, because of divisions in the leadership of the movement and reduced out-of-door support brought about by the diplomatic activity of the Marcos government. Relations with the United States remained most important for the Philippines in the 1970s, although the special rela tionship between the antecedent and its ex-colony was greatly modified as trade, investment, and defense ties were redefined.The Laurel-Langley Agreement defining prejudiced United States tariffs for Philippine exports and parity privileges for United States investors expired on July 4, 1974, and trade relations were governed thereafter by the international General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). During the martial law period, foreign investment terms were considerably liberalized, despite official rhetoric about foreign exploitation of the economy. A policy promoting nontraditional exports such as textiles, footwear, electronic components, and fresh and processed foods was initiated with some success.Japan increasingly challenged the United States as a major foreign participant in the Philippine economy. The status of United States military bases was redefined when a major amendment to the Military Bases Agreement of 1947 was signed on January 6, 1979, reaffirming Philipp ine reign over the bases and reducing their total area. At the same time, the United States presidency promised to make its best effort to obtain congressional appropriations for military and economic aid amounting to US$400 million between 1979 to 1983.The amendment called for future reviews of the bases agreement every fifth year. Although the administration of President Jimmy Carter emphasized promoting human rights worldwide, only limited pressure was exerted on Marcos to improve the behavior of the military in rural areas and to end the death-squad murder of opponents. (Pressure from the United States, however, did play a role in gaining the release of Benigno Aquino in May 1980, and he was allowed to go to the United States for medical treatment after spending almost cardinal years in prison, including longstretches of time in solitary confinement. )On January 17, 1981, Marcos issued Proclamation 2045, formally ending martial law. Some controls were loosened, but the ensuing New Republic proved to be a superficially liberalized version of the crony-dominated New Society. Predictably, Marcos won an overwhelming victory in the June 1981 presidential election, boycotted by the main opposition groups, in which his opponents were nonentities.

Ethical behaviour of UK supermarket Tesco Essay

IntroductionI carried out a research on UK supermarkets social responsibilities and logical argument estimable motive, I decided I allow for dissemble Tesco plc for this assignment. The reason being Tesco has a wide image of policies regarding their supplier, customers, sh be wielders and the community.At Tesco, we goal to make a positive contribution to society. Our CSR programme builds on this commission and is backed by our Every Little Helps approach. John Gardiner, chairman, TescoTesco adopted both(prenominal) the agency guess and the s drawholder hypothesis and it has the intelligent egocentrism (Mullins 2002). Tesco uses a combine approach of deontology, utilitarianism, teleology and self-consciousness (Boddy 2002) to the ethical of the society.An ethical assessment will cut into the position of the staff, the nature and interrelationship of coiffeivities, product and service ranges, mixes and balances, relationships with the community and the environment.S f all uponholders of TescoStakeholder is delineate by Mullins (2002145) as individuals or groups who build an interest in and/or be walk outed by the goals, operations or activities of the organisation or the behaviour of its members.Stakeholders plunder be categorised into three primary(prenominal) groups interior(a) stakeholders* Employees Social responsibilities to employees beyond the employment contracts. Employees need to face the implications such as job security, safe working conditions, fair treatment, the creation of rewarding work and soulfulnessal development. Employees require equal opportunities, promotions, trade union, training and job satisf march.* charge care concerns about the bring outth of the organisation and to achieve the organisational objectives. vigilance amaze strong influences on staff, lead by example and management by walking about spate encourage its staff to produce their vanquish execution of instrument.External stakeholders* partici pation & environment The demands for the community and environment are voltage of pollution, noise and disposal waste should be kept to the minimum, raw materials are used economically and environment friendly production.* Society Society is the broader stripe up in which business operates. The quality of all our lives will depend on how well the organisation balances its profit and the environment.Connected stakeholders* Shareholder There are three types of pctholders short term couchors, long term investors and ethical investors. brusk term investors simply concentrate on the performance of the organisation, they will concur no time for considerations of social responsibilities. Long term investors may be willing to consider evidence that managing in a socially prudent way helps long term profits. Ethical investors place social priorities higher(prenominal) than maximising their own personal wealth and are willing to invest in organisations that follow clear socially responsible policies.* Customers Customers expect organisations to yield them with goods and services. They want the goods/service to be good quality, durable, good value for funds, caoutchouc and performance.Consideration of PowerAll stakeholder groups have influence through and throughout the organisation. These influences event the organisational performance and their orbly concern within its market sector.* Employees They can reflect their thoughts through the trade union, i.e. request pay raise, better working conditions, equal opportunities and so on If the employees are mis interact they can take industrial actions against the organisation or have an industrial strike to force the organisation to meet their needs.* Community & environment If there is a potential of pollution, noise, disposal waste or the topical anaesthetic anesthetic county council can apply laws and regulations to limit those actions or to take profound actions against the organisation.* Society If the quality of our life is affected by the organisation, campaigners can hold daily protests outside the organisation, this will attract bad publicity for the organisation.* Shareholders They can simply withdrawn their investment from the organisation, i.e. carrying their shares. Alternatively shareholders can advert the annual meeting and vote against the organisational suggestions.* Customers They can simply stop down the goods or services from the organisation. I considered the customers have the main power everywhere an organisation, without any customers the organisation simply cannot survive.Any organisation needs to take its stakeholders interests into account. A good balance of the decisions is vitally important, we can jut how the influences have impact upon the organisation and any unbalance decision will affect the existence of the organisation.Tescos Mission StatementCreating value for customers, to earn their living loyaltyWe can see from the above contest ation that Tesco concentrates on the long-run relationship with its customers. Tesco focused on providing exceptional value and choice for customers to checker that they continue to grow market share.Tesco had expended significantly in the past 10 years, it started in non-food retailing in 1997 and now Tesco is creating value on a wide range of products from grocery to pecuniary services such as personal loan, home and motor insurance and credit card services.From these evidences we can see Tesco is working very hard to follow its mission statement to achieve its goal.Tescos actions towards the societyTesco combined the agency theory and the stakeholder theory (Mullins 2002) when they make any ethical decisions.Milton Friedmans view (Mullins 2002148) suggested the agency theory is that the social responsibility of business is to make as much m peerlessy as possible for the shareholders, within the rules of the game.Mullins (2002149) defined the stakeholder theory is that a busine ss is for its stakeholders and its actions should be designed to balance stakeholder interest.Tesco uses the agency theory to decide its main objective, it is to provide excellent goods and services to earn their customers loyalty. This will ensure their existence on the market and to maximise the shareholders investment. On the separate hand, Tesco uses the stakeholder theory to act on behalf on its stakeholders interests, such as contribution towards the society, care for the environment and responsible to the supplier chain.Tesco too uses a combination approach of deontology, utilitarianism, teleology and egoism (Boddy 2002) to the ethical of the society.Deontology ApproachDeontology is based on the idea that we are virtuously obliged to follow fundamental rules of thumb or principles. (Frankena 1963) Fulop & Linstead (1999339)Part of the Tesco system of Treat people how we like to be treated uses the deontology approach to the ethical motive of the people, the policies are as follow* All retailers, theres one teamThe Tesco Team* Trust and respect each other* achieve to do our very best* Give support to each other and praise more than criticise* Ask more than tell and share knowledge so that it can be used* Enjoy work, watch over success and learn from experienceTesco acts only on those principles so that they are not only Treat people how we like to be treated, but also wish others to do the same.Utilitarianism ApproachUtilitarianism judges the example worth of actions by the utility of their foreseeable consequences for each and every person affected by a certain organize of actions. Fulop & Linstead (1999339)Tesco aims to be responsible in their commercial and trading activities. Tesco is a member of the Ethical interchange Initiative since it was founded in 1998, on top of that, it also supports the work of Fairtrade Foundation. They sell and promote Fairtrade production such as tea, coffee, banana and chocolate. Fairtrade Foundation was set to give better deal for third world producers, regardless of the world market conditions.There are several reasons why Tesco uses the utilitarianism approach to the ethics of the society. First it wants to build a strong relationship with its supplier and to corroborate their reputation within the market sector. From the result of having strong relationship with its suppliers, they will have a stable supply for its goods and services.Teleology ApproachIt considers whether the outcome of an action accomplishes the original goal. Boddy (2002133)Tesco uses the teleology approach to consider whether the outcomes achieve the original goals. Boddy (2002) suggested that if an act ensures the lengthiness of the organisation then it is rectify.From Tescos mission statement we can see that the original goal for Tesco is to keep its market share and continue to grow within its market sector by creating value for its customers. It is obvious that Tesco is performance very well in its industry, they keep expanding their services and products (from grocery to financial services), which indicates the continue growth for Tesco.Egoism ApproachThis is the ethics of self-interest, claiming that personal or corporate benefit is the only rational criterion for judging economic actions. Boddy (2002133)Tesco is a financial contributor to the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in checkup Experimentation (FRAME), and they are seeking ways to end animal testing. Tesco also carries out the Computers for Schools vouchers, which support local school to improve their computer equipments, to bring out a better learning environment for children. Tesco is a national bestower of Cancer Research UKs Race for Life, this is only part of the brotherly love works that Tesco has, there is also a Tesco Charity Trust which helps local and national charities as well as voluntary organisations to provide pragmatical support for children, the elderly, and people with disabilities.Tesco uses this app roach to take above actions to contribute towards the local community. Boddy (2002) suggested that if people follow this principle it will result in everyday good. Because of the contribution Tesco made (Computers for Schools vouchers and charitys activities), customers are more dexterous to shop in Tesco because they are able to maximise their personal self-interest towards the society.Improvement in ethical behaviour of TescoTesco has a wide range of ethical policies to cover different areas, they include the following* Human right* Local community sponsorship* Charity* Ethical trading* Fairtrade* Animal test* EnvironmentThese are only a small selection of Tescos policies which I can find on its website, there are numerous more policies to cover different area of the ethical aspect. Since we are in a dynamic business world and there is no set policy can cover all changes, Tesco should expand its policies and to improve and restrain its reputation.ConclusionSurvival or long-te rm performance is the main ethical duty of the organisation, its staff, customers, community and other stakeholders. For this to happen, a long-term view essential be taken. Organisation must distinguish between right and wrong. It is indispensable for the organisation to recognise the nature and legitimacy of the interests of the different stakeholder groups and interested parties, and to take steps to see that these are widely understood and satisfied as far as possible.BibliographyBoddy D, (2002), second Edition, Management An Introduction, Pearson fostering Ltd, HarlowFulop L & Linstead S, (1999), Management A Critical Text, Macmillan mechanical press Ltd, HampshireHannagan T, (1995), Management Concepts & Practices, Pitman Publishing, LondonMegginson L, Mosley & Pietri P Jr, (1986), 2nd Edition, Management Concepts and Applications, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, New YorkMullins L, (2002), 6th Edition, Management & Organisational Behaviour, Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowPett inger R, (2002), 3rd Edition, Introduction to Management, Palgrave, HampshireRobbins S & Coulter M, (2003), 7th Edition, Management, Pearson Education Inc, New JerseyInternet Resourceshttp//www.tesco.com/corporateinfo/ 14/03/2004http//www.tesco.com/everylittlehelps/ 14/03/2004ReferenceBoddy D, (2002), 2nd Edition, Management An Introduction, Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowFulop L & Linstead S, (1999), Management A Critical Text, Macmillan Press Ltd, HampshireMullins L, (2002), 6th Edition, Management & Organisational Behaviour, Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowInternet Resourceshttp//www.tesco.com/corporateinfo/ 14/03/2004http//www.tesco.com/everylittlehelps/ 14/03/2004

Data collection techniques

A non-probabilistic try out technique the gubbins sample method, was utilized in this research. Since there was only one group, the come forth of subject assignment to groups did non arise. Even though the convenience sampling method is easy to organize, cheaper and fast to carry out, the subjects chosen are unremarkably not representative.Therefore, it is virtually impossible to generalize the outcomes of this psychoanalyse. Since the outcomes cannot be generalized past the study can be thought of as lacking in validity. Besides, the convenience sampling method enhanced the possibility of prepossess in the study.Data was collected using a headernaire. The questionnaire exercisingd was a 14 question survey instrument. The instrument was sectioned into 3 parts with 6 questions in part 1, 4 questions in part 2 and 4 questions in part 3. The type of entropy collected was primary data and was qualitative in nature. A major flaw in this research is that deliberation of the va lidity and reliability of the test instrument was not conducted. No controls were usedResearch methodologyIn cost of the research methodology and design used, the research was an empirical, qualitative study. As it was conducted in the real world setting, it cannot be easily replicated, and lacks internal validity as well. Lack of internal validity is indicated by the absence of alternative explanations to the outcomes obtained.Besides, the study is more prone to subjective interpretation, lacks external validity since the data was expound to one case, and it is not possible to generalize the findings to other settings. Other flaws in the design include the possibility of bias in the survey instrument, interviewer bias, bias in the questionnaire design, learner bias and bias in the administration of the questionnaire.Statistical analysisThe investigators do use only of descriptive statistics. Since no inferences were creation sought, no relationships were being examined and the data was qualitative, the statistical method chosen was very suitable for the study. The data analysis is appropriate to answer the specified research question.Critique of articleThe study is presented in a simplified manner, has logical flow, and the reader is able to follow the article with relative ease. Even so, the researcher could have made better use of graphics by using graphs, pie-charts and bars to present the outcomes.Since it was devoid of occult terms and terminology, the writing style is deemed to be appropriate for the target audience. Flaws in the structure of research pertained to the design and include lack of validity and bias.To shave the errors and flaws identified in the study, the researcher can use randomized sampling methods. To eliminate bias in questionnaire design, appropriate formatting should be make and redundant and lengthy questions avoided. Bias due to administration of the questionnaire can be eliminated by blinding the interviewer. This will a lso help to ensure the objectiveness of the interviewer.The test-retest method can be used to enhance the validity of the outcomes and culturally sensitive questions formulated. Language used should be consistent, unambiguous and devoid of jargon. Finally, respondents should not be asked to answer attitudinal, behavioral or knowledge questions for others.